Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis
This type of candidiasis is characterized clinically by confluent white or yellowish plaques which are non-detachable. The majority of lesions are observed on the buccal mucosa but any other oral mucosa can be affected. Patients with this variety of candidiasis most frequently complain of a burning sensation.
Either pseudomembranous, acute erythematous or chronic hyperplastic candidiasis can develop on the gingiva of HIV positive or AIDS patients. When in that location it has been postulated that candidal infection contributes to the development of necrotizing periodontal disease (see Odden et al. in references relevant to candidiasis).
The photograph above was taken from the buccal mucosa of an AIDS patient and demonstrates the presence of several white-yellowish plaques. These plaques could not be detached. A scraping of the largest plaque was obtained with a sterile cotton swab and cultured in Sabouraud's agar media. After 48 hours the result is shown in the photograph to the right. Note the large candidial colonies that develop on the surface of the agar plate.
WARNING: chronic hyperplastic candidiasis in HIV positive or AIDS patients usually does not respond well to oral treatment. Consult with a physician for delivery of intravenous antifungal medication in these patients.
Therapeutic protocols
References relevant to candidiasis (with abstracts)
Angular cheilitis
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