Hughes, FJ, Augr, DW, Smales, FC. Investigation of the Distribution of Cementum-Associated Lipopollysaccharides in Periodontal Disease by scanning Electron Microscope Immunohistochemistry. J. Periodont. Res., 23:100-106, 1988.

Purpose:

Investigate the distribution of Comintern-associated LOS using an immunogold silver staining(IGSS) technique for LOS on scanning electron microscope(SEM) preparation of extracted teeth.

Materials & Methods:

• 15 teeth extracted due periodontal disease (11 PTs). 8 teeth extracted for other reasons as control.
• All visible plaque and calculus was removed and care was taken not to deliberately remove any cementum.
• The root sliced. Labeled by an immunogold/silver system. Antibody binding to the specimen was detected by electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the bound silver label.

Results:

• After IGSS reaction, positive reaction to CPC was present in all experimental teeth and none in controls.
• In SEM, experimental teeth showed absence of PDL fiber remnants and a multilobular appearance.
• Reactions were strongly positive in areas of calculus and bacterial accumulation. In fields free of calculus and bacteria (cuticle and surface cementum layers), small areas of uniform positive reaction were sometimes observed.
• In areas where scaling had removed a layer cementum, no positive IGSS reactions were observed.
• Positive reactions were observed in areas of lacunar resorption due to the occupation of calculus and bacteria.

Discussion:

The authors concluded that most cementum associated LPS is found in retained calculus or bacteria; only very small amounts of endotoxin were found to be absorbed to the cementum surface layer. The main effect of root planing appears to be the removal of plaque and calculus from resorption lacunae present on the root surface.

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